Friday, March 07, 2014

Bible Trivia Revisited


            In a previous post, I wrote
            When I posted the 23 questions last year, my original plan was to collect all the old phone texts and post the whole exchange—not just the questions and the answers, but all the jokes and banter that accompanied each question.
            It seemed like a good idea at the time.
            But upon reflection, I’ve decided against it.  After re-reading the whole thing, it wasn’t actually as clever or as funny as I had first thought, and mostly filled with inside jokes.  

            But upon further reflection, I’ve decided to just go ahead and post the whole thing anyway.  (I’m inconsistent—I know.)  Possibly no one else will think this is interesting or funny except me, but so what?  There’s nothing lost.  (And if this is self-indulgent…well, I’ve done self-indulgent on this blog before.)

            Just to recap: a post with just the questions is here (in case you want to check your own knowledge before reading on.)
            And a post with the answers and explanations is here.

            Below are the phone texts.  Some of this game also took place face to face as well, so for example many of Tom and Rob’s answers were given to me in person, and not contained in the texts.   If an answer is referenced, but the text is not included, that means someone gave their answer to me verbally.

First Question:
Bible trivia time: besides David, who else killed Goliath?

Answers:
From Sam
Was it your mother?
From Rob:
Some dude with a crazy name that no sane person would walk around actively knowing.
From Rob:
According to Rashi, that dude was really David, but under a different name.
From Rob:
Also, that guy that might be David might have killed someone who wasn’t really goliath
To Rob:
Rashi?
From Rob:
Rabbi Shlomo Itzaki. Mostly cool dude.
To Rob:
Since you clearly caught the reference and knew what I was talking about, I’m going to award you half a point.  I’d like to give you the full point but it just wouldn’t be fair to the other players.
From Adam:
Have no idea and bereft of witty retort. David’s mum or crazy ex-girlfriend?

The Answer
The answer: Goliath from Gath was killed twice in the Bible, once by David and also in 2nd Samuel 21:19 by Elhanan son of Jair.  No points to Sam for suggesting that Goliath was killed by “my mother”. Nor was Goliath killed by David’s mum of David’s crazy ex-girlfriend. (sorry Adam). I’m giving half a point to Rob for “Some dude with a crazy name that no sane person would walk around actively knowing.”  This puts Rob in first place and everyone else tied for second place. I’ll give you your next question tomorrow.
From David:
How do I opt out of this quiz?
From Steve:
Yeh thanks you can leave me out ;)
From Rob:
Also, you lose a point for not know who Rashi is.
From Adam:
No worries, I’m there for you

Question 2:
Bible trivia time. Today’s question—in Deuteronomy 25, God commands the Israelites to “be sure to kill all the Amalekites, so that no one will remember them anymore. Do not forget!” Who finally fulfilled God’s command to kill all the Amalekites? For a bonus point how are the Israelites related to the Amalekites? I’ll send you the answers and updated scores in two days.
From Rob:
Random guesses from the guy THAT ISN’T LISTENING TO A LECTURE SERIES ON THE OLD TESTAMENT: Aaron or Gideon (both wrong, I’m sure) they were both Semitic tribes?
From David:
TAKE ME OFF THE EVER-LOVING LIST
From Rob:
Well?
From Adam:
Go away god botherer, only let me know if I win

The Answer:
The answer: this one was slightly tricky because there were a few different times when the Bible says the Amalekites all killed, only for them to re-appear later. Half a point to Rob for knowing that in Samuel 15 King Saul supposedly kills all the Amalekites, but they pop up later in Samuel to harass David. The correct answer is that in 1 Chronicles 4 it is mentioned that in the reign of King Hezekiah 500 members of the tribe of Simeon killed the surviving Amalekites.  However, at least one Amalekite family appears to have survived down to Persian times. In Esther 3:1, Haman is identified as a descendant of the Amalekite king Agag. He was executed on the order of the Persian king Xerxes in Esther 7:10. His 10 sons were also executed on Esther’s request in Esther 9. This appears to have been the last of the Amalekites.  Either answer would have been correct.
In Genesis 36, Amalek is identified as the grandson of Esau. So both the Israelites and the Amalekites are related by descent from the common ancestor of Isaac. Rob answered both nations were related by both being Semitic. After he explained to me that this was also technically correct, I’ve decided to give him the point.  This puts Rob in the lead with 2 points. Everyone else is tied for second place. I’ll give you your next question tomorrow.

Question 3:
Bible trivia: in order to deflect attention from himself, Paul exploits a secretarian division among his Jewish persecutors to get them fighting among themselves instead. What two Jewish groups did Paul manage to pit against each other, and what doctrines did they disagree on?

From Sam:
Was it your mother?

From Rob:
This isn’t about eating food sacrificed to gods, is it?
To Rob:
No. Or at least that’s not the case I had in mind. But would that also be true?  I’ll give you a point if you can support it.

From Tom:
The two groups were the pro and anti bacon. The doctrine was whether or not to leave the fatty strip or not.

From Rob:
He just explained to some that eating it isn’t really bad cause those gods don’t exist but the people eating it should cut it out cause their peers are superstitious as heck.
To Rob:
I don’t know…. That sounds like Paul trying to defuse a situation between groups. I was more looking for a time he intentionally got two Jewish sects to argue against each other
From Rob:
Did it involve kosher laws or circumcision?
To Rob:
No, not in this case. He’s on trial before a Jewish council, he realizes that the different sects hate each other more than they hate him, so he deliberately says something that has them at each other’s throats.

The answer: in Acts 23 Paul succeeds in getting the Pharisees to quarrel with the Sadducees. The Sadducees say that people will not rise from the dead and that there are no angels or spirits but the Pharisees believe in all 3.  No points awarded to Sam for suggesting the two groups were arguing over “my mother.”  Also nice try (but no points) to Tom who says “The two groups were the pro and anti bacon. The doctrine was whether or not to leave the fatty strip or not.” With no points awarded this round, Rob is still in the lead. Next question will be on Thursday.

Question 4
Bible Trivia. A questions about the Philistines today: in military confrontations with the Israelites, the Philistines enjoyed an advantage because they had a technology that the Israelites did not. What technological advance did the Philistines have?
From David:
COME ON!!
Tom:
Peashooter?
From Jon:
The common cold
From Adam:
They had the sling, everyone knows that joel. Well basic
From Rob:
Iron.

To Adam, Rob, Tom, David, Long-Haired Jon:
The answer: the Philistines were part of the Iron Age and possessed the ability to create weapons from metals. The Israelites did not have this technology and according to 1 Samuel 13 the Philistines made sure the Israelites did not have any blacksmiths so they could not manufacture swords and spears. One point to Rob for knowing the answer. Half a point to Tom for mentioning spears in the course of listing off several weapons. No points to Jon for saying the Philistines had the common cold. Nice try to Adam for sling, but that was used against the Philistines not by them. Rob is in the lead with 3 points. Tom is in second place with half a point.
From Adam:
Going out tonight? And by the way I’d like a group text sent out making clear my answer about a sling was a joke! I look well thick now Joel, sarcasm not good in text form

Question 5.
Bible trivia: Jephthah made a deal with God to sacrifice something in return for victory over the Ammonites. God accepts the bargain and gave him victory. What did Jephthah have to sacrifice in return?
From David:
You were warned. You’re blocked.
From Rob:
The first thing that came out of his door: his daughter. Might not have killed her, though
To Rob:
Yeah, I’ve heard the argument before that it’s supposed to mean she had to become dedicated to God. My own reading of Judges 11, though, is that it’s pretty obvious someone is dying prematurely. I think any other explanation is reading into the text information that isn’t there. But anyway well done and another point.
From Rob:
‘oh no, I can’t get married’ is kind of a strange reaction to being killed. And I suppose becoming the tabernacle’s servant is equivalent to the end of one’s life.
To Rob:
The emotions present seem to indicate a death. The language also seems to indicate she is dying sooner rather than later. “After 2 months she came back to her father. He did what he had promised the Lord and she died still a virgin.” I think if you came into this text with no presuppositions, it would seem she died at that time.  I think reading the text to mean she died a virgin 50 years later is stretching things. Also the fact that a custom developed for the Israelite women to mourn for her every year seems a little over the top if she was simply dedicated to God. Given the gender roles at the time, I don’t think it’s improbable that faced with a premature death her major regrets are that she never got married and that she never had children. What other ambitions would a teenage girl have back then?
From Rob:
Being alive?
To Rob:
Yes, but we all have to go someday. If you have to die now, what are your major regrets about what you never got to do? Plus what is the deal with having 2 months to mourn with her friends before the sacrifice? If she was going to be alive after the sacrifice, then they could have just as easily mourned with her after her dedication.
From Rob:
Did the servants get to hang out? Also, my last words would be about it being some more nonsense
To Rob:
Since the same story pops up in Greek mythology, it almost certainly is just an old folk tale, yes.
From Tom:
His sight or children. Child.

From Adam:
His love of potato crisps.

The answer: in Judges 11, Jepthah promises to “burn in an offering the first person that comes out of my house to meet me when I come back from victory.”  This turned out to be his daughter. One point each to Rob and to Tom for the correct answer. No points to Adam for guessing that Jepthah promised to sacrifice his love of potato crisps.  Rob is in the lead with 4 points and Tom in second place with 1.5 points.

Question 6
Bible trivia: When was Jesus crucified in relation to the Passover meal?
From Rob:
Wasn’t the last supper a Passover meal? Also aren’t there 2 passover meals in John?
To Rob:
You’re on the right track. The Gospel of John contradicts the other Gospels as to when the Passover meal was.
From Tom:
After it.
To Tom:
You are correct in 3 out of 4 Gospels.

The answer: this is one of the inconsistencies in the Bible. Jesus was crucified the day after the Passover in Matthew, Mark and Luke.  Jesus was crucified on the day before the Passover in John. Since this was admittedly a sneaky trick question either answer will get points. One point each for Rob and Tom.  Rob currently has 5 points.  Tom is in second with 2.5 points.

Question 7
In Deuteronomy 23, Moses says: “No Ammonite or Moabite—or any of their descendants, even in the tenth generation—may be included among the Lord’s people.” In Nehemiah 13, the same prohibition against Moabites and Ammonites is repeated. When meeting Jewish men who had married women from Moab or Ammon and had children with them, Nehemiah called down curses on them, beat them, and pulled out their hair. And yet there is at least one Bible story which contradicts this prohibition against mixing with Moabites. Which story is it?

From Sam:
Your mother was a Moabite!

From Jon:
Surely anyone could just google these questions and get the answer.
To Jon:
Yep, Google is fair game

From Jon:
Story of Ruth
To Jon:
That is correct! 1 point.

From Rob:
Ruth?
To Rob:
Ruth is correct.

Answer: the correct answer is the story of Ruth. One point each to Rob and Jonathon for the correct answers. No points to Sam for saying my mother was a Moabite. Rob is in first with 6 points. Tom still in second with 2.5. Jon now in 3rd with 1 point.

Bible Trivia: Laban agrees to give Jacob only the goats that are speckled or spotted for Jacob’s wages. How does Jacob then manage to breed streaked, speckled, and spotted goats? For a bonus point, how might this contradict current scientific gene theory?
From Tom:
He cross breeds them with a tiger. For the bonus. Today it is believed a tiger would shag then eat the goat so no issue.

From Jon:
Something about watching goats bang in front of different coloured sticks. What an animal sees whilst fornicating really has no effect on the dna of its offspring. So has no basis in modern genetics.
To Jon:
Another right answer. 2 points.

The answer: in Genesis 30, Jacob strips off the bark of green branches so that they have white stripes on them.  He places these stripped branches in front of the goats while they mate. It was a common ancient belief that whatever you are looking at while mating will affect the characteristics of the offspring conceived at the time. Modern scientific theory is that the offspring’s characteristics are determined by DNA and not by what the parents are looking at. 2 points to Jon for both correct answers.  Nice try (but no points) to Tom for “He cross breeds them with a tiger. For the bonus. Today it is believed a tiger would shag then eat the goat so no issue.” Rob maintains his lead with 6 points. Jon takes second with 3 points, and Tom is 3rd with 2.5

Question 9
Bible Trivia: before Saul, who was the first person to be declared King of Israel?
From Rob:
Abimelech
To Rob:
Correct
From Tom:
David?
To Tom:
David was after Saul
To Rob, Tom, David, Jon, Adam:
The answer: Abimelech is the correct answer.  1 point to Rob.  This puts Rob up to 7 points. Jon still at 3 points and Tom still with 2.5

Question 10
Bible Trivia: God commands Moses to go back to Egypt from Midian and talk to Pharaoh. Moses agrees. At a camping place on the way to Egypt Moses meets someone who tries (unsuccessfully) to kill him.  Who tried to kill Moses at the camping place?
From Rob:
God
To Rob:
Correct again

The answer: God. Exodus 4:24. “At a camping place on the way to Egypt, the Lord met Moses and tried to kill him.” One point to Rob for the correct answer. This puts Rob at 8 points, Jon still at 3 and Tom still at 2.5

Question 11.
Bible Trivia: When Jesus was near the city of Tyre, a woman asked him to cure her daughter from demon possession.  Jesus refused to help the woman or even talk to her until his disciples intervened because she was making too much noise.  Why did Jesus initially refuse to help the woman? For a bonus point, what animal did he compare her to?
From Rob:
She wasn’t an Israelite? a dog.
To Rob:
Yes and yes
From Jon:
Initially said he was only sent to lost sheep of house of Israel. Compared her to a dog.
To Jon:
Correct.

The answer: Jesus initially refused to help the woman because she was Canaanite. In Matthew 15, she fell at his feet and said, “Help me sir.” Jesus replied, “It isn’t right to take the children’s food and throw it to the dogs.” 2 points each to Rob and Jon for both correct answers. One point to Tom for eventually getting the animal right. Rob is at 10, Jon at 5, Tom at 3.5

Question 12.
Bible Trivia: Smiting. The Old Testament God is famous for smiting people, while the New Testament God is generally seen as kinder and gentler. However some people were still killed by New Testament God. How many people did God kill in the New Testament, and who were they?
From Rob:
Ananias, Sapphira, and Herod
To Rob:
Correct
From Jon:
Ananias, Sapphira, and Herod. Plus future prediction of all non Christians in Revelations.
To Jon:
Correct

The answer: 3 people were struck down dead by God in the New Testament: Ananias, Sapphira and Herod. One point each to Rob and Jon. Also well done to Jon for pointing out that arguably Revelation predicts the future death of all non-Christians. Rob is now at 11, Jon at 6, and Tom at 3.5

Question 13
Bible Trivia: The prophet Samuel tells King Saul, “Because you rejected the Lord’s command, he has rejected you as king.” Some centuries later, an unnamed prophet tells King Ahab, because you did this, “you will pay for it with your life.” Both Saul and Ahab committed the same sin. What was it?

The answer: both Saul and Ahab showed mercy to a defeated opponent. One point to Rob. No points to Tom for guessing they both put rubber hoses up their noses.  The score is Rob at 12, Jon at 6, Tom at 3.

Question 14
Bible Trivia: God ordered the Israelites to attack the Midianites. All the Midianite men were killed, but the women and children were taken prisoners. Moses was furious when he found out that his commanders had spared the woman and children. What was done with the captured Midianite women and children?
From Jon:
50% off a soup when you buy a steak day

To Rob, David, Long-Haired Jon, Adam, Tom:
The answer: In Numbers 31 Moses ordered “kill every boy and every woman who has had sexual intercourse, but keep alive for yourselves all the girls and all the women who are virgins.” For what purpose the virgin women were given to the troops is never specifically stated by the Bible and must be left up to the imagination. Biblical apologists will often point out that there is no way we can definitely prove that the Israelite soldiers wanted the virgins for sexual purposes. One point to Rob for the correct answer. No points to Jon for guessing the prisoners were given half price on soup with the purchase of a steak. Rob at 13, Jon at 6, Tom at 3.5

Question 15
Bible Trivia: the chief angel Michael and the Devil quarreled with each other for possession of whose dead body? For a bonus point, where is this in the Bible and why does it cause canonical problems Christians?
From Adam:
Caused what problem now? And they clearly argued over some pretty waitress at the local bar. That’s ALWAYS the cause of arguments between men (and angels). Ah, those pretty local girls…

From Rob:
Moses, in jude. I’m guessing it has something to do with the transfiguration.
From Rob:
Was jude a Pauline document?
To Rob:
2 points, although the canonical issue I was thinking was that Jude appears to be referencing apocryphal documents—no references anywhere else in the Bible to Michael and Satan fighting over Moses’ body.  Jude is not Pauline.  It is traditionally ascribed to the Apostle Jude, although in reality this is unlikely because it refers to the time of the Apostles in the past tense. Also Jude appears to be based on or copied from 2 Peter  [Editor’s note:  I got this wrong actually. 2nd Peter was copying from Jude, not vice-versa.]
From Jon:
Arguing over the body of a fried chicken that they both wanted to eat. Problem for Christians because they only condone the eating of roasted Chicken.

To Adam, Rob, Tom, David, Long-Haired Jon:
The answer: in Jude 9, Satan and the chief angel Michael are arguing over the body of Moses. This is a canonical issue for Christians because Jude is quoting from the apocryphal document The Assumption of Moses. Jude also quotes from another apocryphal source—the Book of Enoch.  These are both documents that the Christian Church later decided were not authoritative scripture, but Jude is referencing them as if they were authoritive. 2 point to Rob for both correct answers. No points to Adam for saying Satan and Michael were fighting over a local bar waitress. Also no points to Jon for “Arguing over the body of a fried chicken that they both wanted to eat. Problem for Christians because they only condone the eating of roasted Chicken.” Rob at 15, Jon at 6, Tom at 3.5

Question 16
Bible Trivia: In the creation story, in what order were animals, man, and woman created in relation to each other?

From Jon:
In Kazakhstan it is man, horse, dog, then the woman
To Adam, Tom, Rob, David, Long-Haired Jon:
The answer: another point on which the Bible contradicts itself. In Genesis 1, animals are created first and then men and women are created simultaneously. In Genesis 2, man is first, then animals, then woman. Either answer would have been correct. One point to Jon for “In Kazakhstan it is man, horse, dog, then the woman.” because this is roughly the order of Genesis 2. Rob at 15, Jon at 7, Tom at 3.5

Question 17
Bible Trivia: which book of the Bible never mentions God once, nor makes any references to worshipping God?
From Jon:
The Necronomicon, that’s in the bible right? Or was that one of the books that was removed?
From Jon:
Jerusalem Girls Gone Wild ’89 B.C.
From Jon:
50 Shades of Mary Magdalene
From Rob:
Esther
From Rob:
That, or Song of Solomon

To Rob:
I was thinking Esther. I wasn’t even thinking about Song of Solomon, but I just checked my Bible and I think that’s also right.

To Rob, Adam, Tom, Long-Haired Jon, David:
The answer: the book of Esther. One point to Rob for the correct answer. Rob also points out to me that Song of Solomon would also qualify. No points to Tom for guessing either the first or the last book of one of the Testaments. Also no points to Jon for “The necronomicon, that’s in the bible right? Or was that one of the books that was removed?” Also no points for “Jerusalem Girls Gone Wild 89 B.C.” and “50 Shades of Mary Magdalene” also from Jon. Rob at 16, Jon at 7, Tom at 3.5
From Rob:
Interesting book, Song of Solomon.  The writer just can’t express enough how much he likes breasts

Question 18.
Bible Trivia: who were swallowed up by the earth and went down to the land of the dead while they were still living? For a bonus point, how might the location of the land of the dead as described by the Bible contradict modern geology?

The answer: Number 16—“the ground under Dathan and Abiram split open and swallowed them and their families, together with all of Korah’s followers and their possessions.  So they went down alive to the world of the dead, with their possessions.” One point to Rob for the correct answer. Also a bonus point to Rob for (begrudgingly) explaining to me what he thought was so obvious as not to merit an explanation: that modern geological soundings have not revealed a land of the dead somewhere under the surface of the earth. Rob 18, Jon at 7, Tom at 3.5

Question 19.
Bible Trivia: It has been Christian tradition to portray angels as asexual, but what Bible verse indicates that the heavenly beings had a sexual interest in human women?
From Adam:
The passage where Gabriel falls hopelessly in love with a woman of ill-repute.  (And what kind of a name is Gabriel?)
From Jon:
Angels on-line dating Internet chatroom.  From Zechariah: “And Lo, did the Angel of Joel descend onto earth, and loggethed into his Internet account…”
To Adam, Rob, Tom, David, Long-Haired Jon:
The answer: Genesis 6-“When mankind had spread all over the world, and girls were being born, some of the heavenly beings saw that these girls were beautiful, so they took the ones they liked. In those days and even later, there were giants on earth who were descendents of human woman and the heavenly beings. They were the great heroes and famous men of long ago.” No points to Adam for “The passage where Gabriel falls hopelessly in love with a woman of ill-repute.  (And what kind of a name is Gabriel?)” Also no points to Jon for “Angels on-line dating Internet chatroom.  From Zechariah: “And Lo, did the Angel of Joel descend onto earth, and loggethed into his Internet account…” ” Rob at 18, Jon at 7, Tom at 3.5
To David:
You’re back on the block list buddy. See you at school.

Question 20
Bible Trivia: after Jesus rose from the dead, where did he first meet his disciples?
From Adam:
At the Mall for a Starbucks Coffee.
From Rob:
2 versions of that story, right?
From Rob:
One of the places is galilliee (sp?)
From Tom:
It’s a trick question. He didn’t rise from the dead.
From Tom:
In hell.

The answer: another point in which the Bible contradicts itself. Jesus first met his disciples in Galilee according to the Gospel of Matthew, and in Jerusalem according to Luke. One point to Rob for the correct answer. No points to Adam for guessing Jesus met his disciples at the mall for a Starbucks coffee. No points to Tom for his first two answers (first that Jesus met them in hell, and second that it was a trick question because Jesus didn’t rise from the dead.) However one point to Tom for his 3rd correct guess

Question 21
Bible Trivia: Who was the world’s first conqueror whose kingdom included Babylon, Erech and Accad and who built the cities of Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah, and Resen?
From Adam:
A who and the what now?

The Answer: Genesis 10 says Nimrod was the world’s first conqueror and his kingdom included Babylon, Erech and Accad and he built the cities of Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah, and Resen. No points to Adam for “A who and the what now?” No points to Tom for guessing Alexander the Great

Question 22.
Bible Trivia: according to Paul, what is a disgraceful thing for a woman to do in a church meeting?
From Rob:
Talk?
To Rob:
Talk is correct

The answer: 1 Corinthians 14 “As in all the churches of God’s people, the women should keep quiet in meetings. They are not allowed to speak; as the Jewish Law says, they must not be in charge. If they want to find out about something, they should ask their husbands at home. It is disgraceful for a woman to speak in a church meeting.” One point to Rob for the correct answer. Rob at 20, Jon at 7, Tom at 4.5

Question 23
Bible Trivia: Paul writes, “when Peter came to Antioch, I opposed him in public, because he was clearly wrong.” Paul also writes, “The other Jewish brothers also started acting like cowards along with Peter; and even Barnabas was swept along by their cowardly action.” Why was Paul so upset with Peter? For a bonus point, how does Paul’s account of this argument contradict the story in the book of Acts?
From Rob:
Kosher laws?
To Rob:
Close

To Rob, Tom, Adam, David, Long-Haired Jon:
The answer: In Galatians 2 Paul says that in Antioch “Before some men who had been sent by James arrived there, Peter had been eating with the Gentile brothers. But after these men arrived, he drew back and would not eat with the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who were in favor of circumcising them.” This circumcision controversy is mentioned in Acts 15, but no mention of the conflict between Paul and Peter and Barnabas. Also Paul’s account of his movements earlier in the book of Galatians contradicts the book of Acts.  Half a point to Rob for saying the conflict was over Kosher laws. Rob at 20.5, Jon at 7, Tom at 4.5

Question 24
Bible Trivia: the final question and a chance to make up for any and all lost points. an open ended question- one point each for any interesting Bible facts on any subject, one point each for any contradictions in the Bible you can find, and one point each for coming up with your own trivia questions.
From Rob:
This would be a good time to give me my point for bringing up the fact that song of Solomon is really just about the female anatomy, and not God
To Rob:
One point so awarded
From Rob:
Not sure what this is worth, but it’s more likely that Jesus was a stone mason and not a carpenter
To Rob:
I’d say that’s also worth a point. Curious as to the source though
From Rob:
Something to do with the translation. The word doesn’t specifically mean carpenter, more like builder. Rock was a more common material than wood
To Rob:
Another point then

From Rob:
Have you gotten ‘it’s all made up’ yet? Cause I’m willing to bet someone will say that.
To Rob:
Not yet. That point could be yours if you want it, but I’ll need a rational.

Link of the Day
Noam Chomsky on Atheism, Religion, and the Scientific Method

No comments: