Showing posts with label clauses. Show all posts
Showing posts with label clauses. Show all posts
Saturday, October 19, 2024
Tuesday, October 15, 2024
Friday, May 26, 2023
Reduced Relative Clauses / Participle Clauses (Participle Clauses replacing Relative Clauses)
(TESOL Ideas and Worksheets Subdivisions)
[Note: I've seen this same grammar point refer to in various ESL books as "Participle Clauses", "Reduced Relative Clauses" and "Reduced Adjective Clauses"]
* I used The Knight Who Was Afraid of the Dark to introduce Reduced Relative Clauses. We read through the story together, and then I highlight some sentences like "long ago in a time known as the Dark Ages" and "his faithful electric eel wound round his arm." and "flinging her arms around Sir Fred" (this last one not a reduced relative clause, but a good example of an active participle clause.)
See also Omitting the Relative Pronoun:
Wednesday, November 23, 2022
Subordinate Clauses
* LINK: video on Subordinate Clauses
* Omitting the Relative Pronoun
* Relative Clauses: Who and Which Grab the Card Game
* Relative Clauses Guessing Game
* Relative Clauses Scrambled Sentences
* "-er Nouns" for Relative clauses
* Hurricane: Relative Clauses
* LINK: This is the House that Jack Built
* Relative Clauses Scrambled Sentences 2
* Board Race for Relative Clauses
* Relative Clause with Who Slideshow
* General Knowledge Quiz for Relative Clauses
* Past Continuous: Find Your Partner
* Past Continuous Cards for Conversation
* Crossword Puzzle for Past Continuous
* While + Past Continuous Slideshow
* While+ Past Continuous Scrambled Sentences
* Write Your own Sentence: While + Past Continuous + Past Simple
* While + Past Continuous + Past Simple Scrambled Sentences
* While + Past Continuous + Past Simple Slideshow
* Past Simple versus Past Continuous Crossword Questions
* Past Continuous Cards for Conversation
* Crossword Puzzle for Past Continuous
* While + Past Continuous Slideshow
* While+ Past Continuous Scrambled Sentences
* Write Your own Sentence: While + Past Continuous + Past Simple
* While + Past Continuous + Past Simple Scrambled Sentences
* While + Past Continuous + Past Simple Slideshow
* Past Simple versus Past Continuous Crossword Questions
* I used The Knight Who Was Afraid of the Dark to introduce Reduced Relative Clauses. We read through the story together, and then I highlight some sentences like "long ago in a time known as the Dark Ages" and "his faithful electric eel wound round his arm." and "flinging her arms around Sir Fred" (this last one not a reduced relative clause, but a good example of an active participle clause.)
Saturday, May 13, 2017
Relative Clauses Guessing Game
(TESOL Worksheets--Relative Clauses)
First conducted as an all class activity. (Students are in teams, and compete to answer the question on the slideshow). Then students make their own questions and quiz each other.
In my class, I used this to supplement Life Pre-Intermediate textbook, 8A Inventions for the Eyes p.94-95.
Person: ________________________
Clues: 1. __________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
Thing: ________________________
Clues: 1. __________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
Place: ________________________
Clues: 1. __________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
Friday, May 12, 2017
Relative Clauses Scrambled Sentences
(TESOL Worksheets--Relative Clauses)
Google: drive, docs, pub
A standard scrambled sentences activity. The cards are cut up and shuffled before class. In pairs, students have to re-assemble the cards onto a blank grid to make sentences. The sentences for this activity are self-plagiarized from a previous activity I did on relative clauses.
In my class, I used this to supplement Life Pre-Intermediate textbook, 8A Inventions for the Eyes p.94-95.
Google: drive, docs, pub
A standard scrambled sentences activity. The cards are cut up and shuffled before class. In pairs, students have to re-assemble the cards onto a blank grid to make sentences. The sentences for this activity are self-plagiarized from a previous activity I did on relative clauses.
In my class, I used this to supplement Life Pre-Intermediate textbook, 8A Inventions for the Eyes p.94-95.
a giraffe
|
is an animal
|
which
|
has a long neck
|
a student
|
is someone
|
who
|
has to study all the time.
|
a teacher
|
is someone
|
who
|
gives you lots of homework
|
an elephant
|
is an animal
|
which
|
has a long nose
|
a book
|
is something
|
which
|
you can read
|
a car
|
is something
|
which
|
you can drive
|
a garbage man
|
is someone
|
who
|
collects the garbage cans from the street
|
a police officer
|
is someone
|
who
|
can give you a ticket for driving too fast
|
Wednesday, March 08, 2017
While + Past Continuous Slideshow
(TESOL Worksheets--Past Continuous, conjunctions, While)
This is a slideshow with various sentences using "While + past continuous, past continuous." It was set up to supplement the grammar lesson on page 60 from English World 4, and so follows the format used in English World 4 very strictly (always two past continuous verbs, always with the while clause at the front of the sentence). And the first 5 slides are all copied and pasted directly from the English World 4 textbook. (The rest of the slides were found using a google image search).
In my classes I used this as a board race. The first team to run to the board and write the correct sentence gets a point. (Any grammatically correct sentence would get a point--the answer doesn't have to be exactly the same as the sentence on the slides). But the slideshow could also be used for drilling or eliciting.
Google: slides, pub
This is a slideshow with various sentences using "While + past continuous, past continuous." It was set up to supplement the grammar lesson on page 60 from English World 4, and so follows the format used in English World 4 very strictly (always two past continuous verbs, always with the while clause at the front of the sentence). And the first 5 slides are all copied and pasted directly from the English World 4 textbook. (The rest of the slides were found using a google image search).
In my classes I used this as a board race. The first team to run to the board and write the correct sentence gets a point. (Any grammatically correct sentence would get a point--the answer doesn't have to be exactly the same as the sentence on the slides). But the slideshow could also be used for drilling or eliciting.
Google: slides, pub
Thursday, August 06, 2015
Relative Clauses: Who and Which Grab the Card Game
(TESOL Worksheets--Relative Clauses)
Google (Drive, Docs, Pub)
[This is a standard "grab the card" game. It was designed to supplement an lesson from Lifestyle Elementary textbook, which was emphasizing only "who" and "which".
Although this game can be done as a standard "grab the card" game, I had a class of students of which I needed to get moving to keep them awake. So I did this game as a "grab the card" race. I put the cards on different color paper, and assigned each team a color. I read out the prompt, they had to run across the room to find the matching card, and then run back across the room to give it to me. The first team to win the race got a point.]
Google (Drive, Docs, Pub)
[This is a standard "grab the card" game. It was designed to supplement an lesson from Lifestyle Elementary textbook, which was emphasizing only "who" and "which".
Although this game can be done as a standard "grab the card" game, I had a class of students of which I needed to get moving to keep them awake. So I did this game as a "grab the card" race. I put the cards on different color paper, and assigned each team a color. I read out the prompt, they had to run across the room to find the matching card, and then run back across the room to give it to me. The first team to win the race got a point.]
…which has a long neck.
|
…which you can drive.
|
…which makes a web.
|
…who has to study all the time.
|
…who collects the garbage cans from the street.
|
…which catches mice.
|
…who gives you a lot of homework.
|
…who can give you a ticket if you drive too fast.
|
…who has children.
|
…which has a long nose.
|
…which you can swim in.
|
…who is very, very big.
|
…which you can read.
|
…which lives in the water.
|
…which can fly through the air.
|
Teacher’s Script:
1. A giraffe is an animal…
2. A student is someone…
3. A teacher is someone…
4. An elephant is an animal…
5. A book is something…
6. A car is something…
7. A garbage man is someone…
8. A police officer is someone…
9. A river is something…
10. A dolphin is an animal…
11. A spider is an animal…
12. A cat is an animal…
13. A mother is a woman…
14. A giant is someone…
15. An airplane is something…Wednesday, January 08, 2014
Omitting the Relative Pronoun Worksheet
[This work sheet was designed for students who are not yet confident enough to omit the relative pronoun in real time conversation, but need to understand the rules for a written test at the end of the term. The worksheet is my own, although, since it was difficult to think of 23 relative clause sentences off the top of my head, many of these sentences were borrowed from other books.
On a sidenote: I've learned a lot of interesting things about grammar over the years teaching TESOL. One of the things that fascinates me is that native speakers do all these calculations sub-consciously when they speak.]
Omitting the relative Pronoun: Yes or No.
It is often difficult for learners of English to know when they
can omit the relative pronoun. Especially
when speaking, learners may not have time to think through everything in real
time. At this level, don’t worry so much
about omitting relative pronouns in speaking.
Just understand what the grammar rules are for the test and you’ll do
fine.
If you think through everything carefully, it shouldn’t be a
problem.
In order to omit the relative pronoun, you need two things.
1) The relative clause must be defining.
2) The relative pronoun must be the object of the relative
clause.
Both of these things should be easy if you think through
them carefully. The first step is to
decide whether the relative clause is defining or non-defining. This should be pretty easy if you use the
commas to help you make decisions.
For the sentences below, decide whether they are defining or
non-defining.
1. The man who I wanted to see was on holiday. (defining / non-defining)
2. Tom’s father, who is 78, goes swimming every day.
(defining / non-defining)
3. The house at the end of the street, which has been empty
for two years, has just been sold.
(defining / non-defining)
4. I don’t like stories that have unhappy endings. (defining / non-defining)
5. She told me her address, which I wrote down on a piece of
paper. (defining / non-defining)
6. Have you found the keys that you lost? (defining / non-defining)
7. The man who lives next door is very friendly. (defining / non-defining)
8. Martin, whose mother is Spanish, speaks both Spanish and
English fluently. (defining /
non-defining)
9. We know a lot of people who live in London. (defining / non-defining)
10. Where are the eggs that were in the fridge? (defining / non-defining)
11. The strike at the car factory, which lasted ten days, is
now over. (defining / non-defining)
12. The bed that I slept in was too soft. (defining / non-defining)
13. I didn’t get the job that I wanted. (defining / non-defining)
14. A friend of mine, whose father is the manager of a
company, helped me to get a job.
(defining / non-defining)
15. Everything that happened was my fault. (defining / non-defining)
16. Yesterday I met John, who told me he was getting
married. (defining / non-defining)
17. My sister, who you met once, is visiting us next
week. (defining / non-defining)
18. This is the worst film that I’ve ever seen. (defining / non-defining)
19. The waitress who served us was very impolite. (defining / non-defining)
20. The museum that Tom recommended was shut when we got
there. (defining / non-defining)
21. Gerry works for a company that makes typewriters. (defining / non-defining)
22. The man that I met has been married twice. (defining / non-defining)
23. Last night went to Ann’s party, which we enjoyed very
much. (defining / non-defining)
Once you have decided that a relative clause is defining,
then you can omit the pronoun if it is in the object position. The sentences below are the defining relative
clause sentences from the previous exercise.
Now go through and decide which ones have relative pronouns as objects,
and which ones have relatives pronouns as subjects. Remember you can omit relative pronouns used
as objects, but not as subjects.
1. The man who I wanted to see was on holiday.
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: ______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
2. I don’t like stories that have unhappy endings
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
3. Have you found the keys that you lost?
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
4. The man who lives next door is very friendly.
What is the relative clause? __________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
5. We know a lot of people who live in London.
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
6. Where are the eggs that were in the fridge?
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
7. The bed that I slept in was too soft.
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
8. I didn’t get the job that I wanted.
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
9. Everything that happened was my fault.
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer to?
_______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
10 This is the worst film that I’ve ever seen.
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
11. The waitress who served us was very impolite.
What is the relative clause? __________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
12. The museum that Tom recommended was shut when we got
there.
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
13. The man that I met has been married twice.
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer to?
_______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun:
______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
14. Gerry works for a
company that makes typewriters.
What is the relative clause?
__________________________________________________
What is the relative pronoun? ____
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? _______
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: ______________________________________________
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? ________
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? ____
Answers
1. The man who I wanted to see was on holiday.
What is the relative clause? who I wanted to see
What is the relative pronoun? who
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the man
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: I wanted to
see the man
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? object
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? yes
2. I don’t like stories that have unhappy endings
What is the relative clause? that have happy endings
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? stories
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: stories have
happy endings
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? subject
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? no
3. Have you found the keys that you lost?
What is the relative clause? that you lost
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the keys
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: you lost the
keys
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? object
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? no
4. The man who lives next door is very friendly.
What is the relative clause? who lives next door
What is the relative pronoun? who
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the man
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: the man lives
next door
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? subject
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? no
5. We know a lot of people who live in London.
What is the relative clause? who live in London
What is the relative pronoun? who
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? people
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: people live in London
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? subject
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? no
6. Where are the eggs that were in the fridge?
What is the relative clause? that were in the fridge
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the eggs
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: the eggs were
in the fridge
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? subject
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? no
7. The bed that I slept in was too soft.
What is the relative clause? that I slept in
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the bed
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: I slept in
the bed
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? object
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? yes
8. I didn’t get the job that I wanted.
What is the relative clause? that I wanted
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the job
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: I wanted the
job
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? object
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? yes
9. Everything that happened was my fault.
What is the relative clause? that happened
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? everything
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: everything
happened
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? subject
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? no
10 This is the worst film that I’ve ever seen.
What is the relative clause? that I've ever seen
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the (worst) film
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: I've seen the
film
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? object
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? yes
11. The waitress who served us was very impolite.
What is the relative clause? who served us
What is the relative pronoun? who
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the waitress
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: the waitress
served us
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? subject
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? no
12. The museum that Tom recommended was shut when we got
there.
What is the relative clause? that Tom recommended
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the museum
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: Tom recommended the museum
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? object
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? yes
13. The man that I met has been married twice.
What is the relative clause? that I met
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? the man
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: I met the man
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? object
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? yes
14. Gerry works for a
company that makes typewriters.
What is the relative clause? that makes typewriters
What is the relative pronoun? that
What noun does the relative pronoun refer
to? a company
Rewrite the relative clause using the noun: a company
makes typewriters
Is the relative pronoun the subject or the object of the
clause? subject
Can you omit the relative pronoun in this sentence? no
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